Instrumentation Threats

When an observed effect is caused by a difference in the way the pretest and posttest are measured, rather than the impact of the treatment that was implemented, this is called an instumentation threat. This can happen when the measurement depends on observers who become more experienced over time, or if the observers change from the pretest to the posttest. This can also happen if the measurement test has a shift in metric at certain points, for example, if a scale is less sensitive at the top or the bottom than it is in the middle. 

How do you think a comparison group can alleviate this threat to internal validity? 

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